Pemodelan Smart Parking Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Menuju Transportasi Rendah Emisi di Lingkungan Perkotaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v13i4.9964Keywords:
IoT, Smart Parking, Prototype, ESP32, Firebase, TransportationAbstract
Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan di kawasan perkotaan menyebabkan kebutuhan ruang parkir semakin tinggi, sementara pengelolaan parkir konvensional masih menimbulkan kesulitan dalam memperoleh informasi ketersediaan slot parkir secara cepat. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan waktu pencarian parkir, kemacetan, dan emisi kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang model arsitektur Smart Parking berbasis IoT yang terintegrasi sebagai acuan pengembangan sistem pemantauan parkir secara real-time. Metode penelitian menggunakan Research and Development (R&D) yang meliputi tahapan identifikasi kebutuhan, studi literatur, perancangan arsitektur, pemodelan sistem, pengembangan prototype, dan evaluasi. Model arsitektur yang diusulkan mengintegrasikan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 sebagai pendeteksi kendaraan, mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai pengendali, jaringan Wi-Fi sebagai media komunikasi, firebase sebagai layanan penyimpanan data, serta dashboard berbasis web sebagai media pemantauan. Prototype kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan metode black box testing untuk memverifikasi fungsi sistem berdasarkan kesesuaian antara masukan dan keluaran. Hasil pengujian pada 11 skenario menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fungsi sistem berjalan sesuai dengan rancangan dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Sistem mampu mendeteksi kondisi slot parkir, mengirimkan data ke Firebase, serta menampilkan informasi ketersediaan parkir pada dashboard web secara real-time. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur yang diusulkan berhasil diimplementasikan pada prototype dan memenuhi seluruh skenario pengujian. Model yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan awal dalam pengembangan smart parking pada lingkungan nyata dengan skala yang lebih luas untuk mendukung pengelolaan parkir yang lebih efisien dan transportasi perkotaan rendah emisi.
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