Evaluating UMSU Subdomain Website Inclusivity Using Preference Selection Index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30865/json.v8i1.9668Keywords:
Digital Inclusivity, Website Accessibility, Preference Selection Index, MCDM, Higher EducationAbstract
Limited empirical evaluation of university website inclusivity can reduce equal access to academic information, especially for users with disabilities. This study evaluates the digital inclusivity of 29 Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU) subdomain websites using the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method. The evaluation used five criteria: Perceivability, Operability, Understandability, Robustness, and Usability. The first four criteria were derived from the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) principles, while Usability was added as a supporting criterion to assess practical user interaction quality. Data were collected through direct observation of each website and scored using a checklist-based rubric. The checklist scores were converted into a 1 to 5 Likert scale and then processed using PSI to calculate criterion weights and final preference values. The results show that fahum.umsu.ac.id obtained the highest score with a preference index of 1.000000, followed by fk.umsu.ac.id with 0.946643, and si.umsu.ac.id and faperta.umsu.ac.id with 0.893285. The findings indicate that PSI can reduce subjectivity in the weighting stage because the weights are generated from the decision matrix. However, the initial scoring process still depends on evaluator assessment. Therefore, the results should be interpreted as structured decision support for website improvement, not as an absolute measurement of accessibility compliance.
References
[1] K. Michopoulou, “The Principle of Equality in Education: Exploring the Legal Aspects of the Right to Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education for Achieving the Development of a Democratic Citizenship,” European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 64–69, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.24018/ejedu.2025.6.2.940.
[2] R. Lubis, D. Purnama, and H. Sulaiman, “The Right to Equitable Access to Higher Education: An Analysis Based on the Philosophy of Pancasila,” SIGn Jurnal Hukum, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 170–187, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.381.
[3] M.-K. Chen and Y.-H. Shih, “The role of higher education in sustainable national development: Reflections from an international perspective,” Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1343–1351, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.55214/25768484.v9i4.6262.
[4] S. Das and U. Bhattacharya, “Enhancing Web Accessibility for Specially Abled Users: An Evaluation of Top-Ranked Open Universities in India according to WCAG Standards,” Journal of Information and Knowledge, pp. 257–262, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.17821/srels/2025/v62i4/171604.
[5] Y. Liu, A. Bielefield, and J. Beckwith, “ADA Digital Accessibility on Academic Library Websites,” Coll. Res. Libr., vol. 85, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.5860/crl.85.2.166.
[6] U. Singh, J. Divya Venkatesh, A. Muraleedharan, K. S. Saluja, A. J H, and P. Biswas, “Accessibility Analysis of Educational Websites Using WCAG 2.0,” Digital Government: Research and Practice, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–28, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1145/3696318.
[7] W. S. Mohammad and A. F. Aldakhil, “Promoting Inclusive Learning Environments: Leveraging University Websites for Digital Empowerment in the Post-COVID-19 Era,” Healthcare, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 1212, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.3390/healthcare12121212.
[8] P. Liyakathali, “Designing Inclusive Web Applications with Accessibility in Mind,” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 6, no. 5, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.29091.
[9] S. Hamideh Kerdar, L. Bächler, and B. M. Kirchhoff, “The accessibility of digital technologies for people with visual impairment and blindness: a scoping review,” Discover Computing, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 24, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10791-024-09460-7.
[10] A. Sapsudin and H. A. Qohar, “Constitutional Law Reform to Realize Inclusive Higher Education for Persons with Disabilities,” JURNAL AKTA, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1320, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.30659/akta.v11i4.40699.
[11] N. Novrizal and S. Manaf, “The Policy of Inclusive Education in Indonesia,” Multicultural Islamic Education Review, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 37–44, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.23917/mier.v2i1.4297.
[12] F. N. H. Afif, Z. H. Musyaffa, and F. U. Al Mubarok, “Inclusive Digital Technology and Islamic Education: Promoting Social Equity for Persons with Disabilities in the Digital Age,” Multicultural Islamic Education Review, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25–35, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.23917/mier.v3i1.9913.
[13] M. D. Artaria, M.-W. Suen, and S. M. Alaydrus, “Accessible information and inclusive education for students with disabilities in Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia,” Record and Library Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 127–144, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.20473/rlj.V11-I1.2025.127-144.
[14] A. T. Duchowski, K. Krejtz, and I. Krejtz, “Real-Time 2nd-Order Gaze Metrics,” 2025, pp. 138–150. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-91989-3_9.
[15] K. Krejtz, A. Marcus-Quinn, C. Duarte, I. Stasiak, L. S. Pereira, and I. Krejtz, “Higher education accessibility information in practice. A report on the accessibility of European Universities,” Univers. Access Inf. Soc., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 2673–2685, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10209-025-01224-4.
[16] M. Correa, M. A. Vitoriano, and C. H. Llanos, “Web Accessibility in an Academic Management System in Brazil: Problems and Challenges for Attending People with Visual Impairments,” Informatics, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 63, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.3390/informatics12030063.
[17] P. Bokingkito, J. Beloy, J. J. Ecleo, A. R. Alce, N. Borinaga, and A. Galido, “Are We Inclusive? Accessibility Challenges in Philippine E-Government Websites,” Informatics, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 41, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.3390/informatics12020041.
[18] E. Noche, R. Hortizuela, C. M. Abalos, and R. L. Viray, “Comparative Web Accessibility Compliance Evaluation of the State Universities and Colleges in the Ilocos Region Philippines,” in 2024 9th International Conference on Information Technology and Digital Applications (ICITDA), IEEE, Nov. 2024, pp. 01–07. doi: 10.1109/ICITDA64560.2024.10809801.
[19] Cris Jade T. Agtang, “Web Accessibility Assessment and Ranking of State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines,” Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, vol. 10, no. 43s, pp. 01–15, May 2025, doi: 10.52783/jisem.v10i43s.8289.
[20] J. V. M. Bata, “A General-Purpose Web-based TOPSIS tool for Accessible Multi-Criteria Decision Making,” Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif), vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 3994–4005, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.52436/1.jutif.2025.6.5.4988.
[21] H. Taherdoost and M. Madanchian, “Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods and Concepts,” Encyclopedia, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 77–87, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/encyclopedia3010006.
[22] A. Idaman and T. M. R. Gunung, “Analysis of COPRAS and ORESTE in Determining Superior Website Pages of Universities in Medan City,” Jurnal Informasi dan Teknologi (JIdT), 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.60083/jidt.v6i3.589.
[23] T. Tukino, H. Hendry, E. Sediyono, A. Fauzi, and A. Lia, “Systematic literature review multi-criteria decision-making method: Criteria weights and alternative ranking,” 2024, p. 050019. doi: 10.1063/5.0194656.
[24] N. Huu-Phan, B. Tien-Long, L. Quang-Dung, N. Duc-Toan, and T. Muthuramalingam, “Multi-criteria decision making using preferential selection index in titanium based die-sinking PMEDM,” Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 793–802, 2019, doi: 10.7736/KSPE.2019.36.9.793.
[25] D. H. Tien, D. D. Trung, N. Van THIEN, and N. T. Nguyen, “Multi-objective optimization of the cylindrical grinding process of scm440 steel using preference selection index method,” Journal of Machine Engineering, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 110–123, 2021, doi: 10.36897/jme/141607.
[26] M. S. Obeidat and H. Traini, “Ranking of water desalination technologies based on the preference selection index,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 2020, pp. 1301–1306.
[27] D. Puspitasari, I. D. Wijaya, and M. Mentari, “Decision support system for determining the activities of the study program using the Preference Selection Index,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 732, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/732/1/012073.
[28] M. Amin, N. Irawati, H. D. E. Sinaga, D. Retnosari, J. Maulani, and H. D. L. Raja, “Decision support system analysis for selecting a baby cream product with Preference Selection Index (PSI) Baby Sensitive Skin under 3 Year,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1933, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1933/1/012035.
[29] J. Minglin and H. Ren, “Risk priority evaluation for power transformer parts based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference selection index method,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/8366893.
[30] A. Pon Bharathi, D. R. Pallavi, M. Ramachandran, R. Kurinjimalar, and P. Vidhya, “A study on preference selection index multi-criteria decision-making techniques,” Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 20–25, 2022, doi: 10.46632/daai/2/1/4.
[31] Amrullah, A. Idaman, and Al-Khowarizmi, “Supply chain efficiency transformation: analysis of raw material staff selection based on preference selection index,” IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 2459–2470, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2459-2470.
[32] N. T. D. Linh, N. H. Son, and D. X. Thao, “Evaluating the Impact of Weighting Methods on the Stability of Scores for Alternatives in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problems,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19998–20004, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.48084/etasr.9518.
[33] I. Boukrouh, F. Tayalati, and A. Azmani, “A Comprehensive Framework for Supplier Selection: Using Subjective, Objective, and Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques With Sensitivity Analysis,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 145550–145569, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3462348.
[34] P. Grošelj and G. Dolinar, “A comparative analysis of MCDM methods based on pairwise comparison: AHP, BWM and FUCOM,” in XXI International May Conference on Strategic Management – IMCSM25 Proceedings - zbornik radova, University of Belgrade - Technical Faculty in Bor, Bor, 2025, pp. 256–266. doi: 10.5937/IMCSM25256G.
[35] S. Frish, I. Talmor, O. Hadar, M. Shoshany, and A. Shapira, “Enhancing consistency of AHP-based expert judgements: A new approach and its implementation in an interactive tool,” MethodsX, vol. 14, p. 103341, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103341.
[36] B. K, T. S. B, and E. C. J, “A Revised TOPSIS with Weighted Euclidean Distances,” IOSR Journal of Mathematics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 14–28, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.9790/0661-2103031428.
[37] R. Ishak, R. Suryaditya, S. Nur Khasanah, and P. Handayani, “Penentuan Mahasiswa Terbaik Dengan Menggunakan Metode Topsis (Teknik Urutan Preferensi Berdasarkan Kesamaan dengan Solusi Ideal),” Infotek: Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 554–562, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.29408/jit.v8i2.30601.
[38] R. Wardany and Z. Zahedi, “A study comparative of PSI, PSI-TOPSIS, and PSI-MABAC methods in analyzing the financial performance of state-owned enterprises companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange,” Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 313–330, 2025, doi: 10.2298/YJOR240115017W.
[39] N. T. Mai, “Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods: Combination of Preference Selection Index Method with Faire Un Choix Adèquat, Root Assessment Method, and Proximity Indexed Value,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19086–19090, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.48084/etasr.9235.
[40] Y. A. Nazzar, S. Puspasari, and L. W. Astuti, “Application of Preference Selection Index (PSI) Method in Selecting Outstanding Students,” bit-Tech, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1722–1731, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.32877/bt.v8i2.3085.
[41] Usanto S, “Implementasi Metode Preference Selection Index (PSI) dalam Seleksi Penerimaan Content Creator Media Sosial,” JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 632, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.30865/mib.v7i2.5936.
[42] M. R. Fhalepi, H. Setiawan, and N. Suhandi, “Decision Support System For Selecting Smart Indonesia Card Candidates Using Preference Selection Index Method,” bit-Tech, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1712–1721, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.32877/bt.v8i2.3068.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (Refer to The Effect of Open Access).
